{"id":109004,"date":"2022-07-24T15:56:01","date_gmt":"2022-07-24T10:26:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalwindow.in\/?p=109004"},"modified":"2022-08-06T16:52:51","modified_gmt":"2022-08-06T11:22:51","slug":"crux-of-section-108-109-110-of-companies-act-2013","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/crux-of-section-108-109-110-of-companies-act-2013\/","title":{"rendered":"CRUX of Section 108, 109 &#038; 110 of Companies Act, 2013"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-109034 size-full\" title=\"CRUX of Section 108 109 &amp; 110 of Companies Act 2013\" src=\"https:\/\/legalwindow.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/CRUX-of-Section-108-109-110-of-Companies-Act-2013-1.png\" alt=\"CRUX of Section 108 109 &amp; 110 of Companies Act 2013\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/CRUX-of-Section-108-109-110-of-Companies-Act-2013-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/CRUX-of-Section-108-109-110-of-Companies-Act-2013-1-600x315.png 600w, https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/CRUX-of-Section-108-109-110-of-Companies-Act-2013-1-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/CRUX-of-Section-108-109-110-of-Companies-Act-2013-1-1024x538.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/CRUX-of-Section-108-109-110-of-Companies-Act-2013-1-768x403.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><br \/>\nSection 110 of the Indian <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies Act, 2013<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contains the provisions of the &#8216;postal ballot&#8217;, Section 109 of the Indian Companies Act, 2013 contains the provisions of &#8216;Demand for poll&#8217;, and Section 108 of the Indian Companies Act, 2013 contains the provisions of &#8216;Voting by Electronic means&#8217;. This article provides an insight into the crux of sections 108, 109 &amp; 110 of the Companies Act, 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #555;\"><b>Table of Contents<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#108\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Section 108 of the Companies Act, 2013<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#109\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Section 109 of the Companies Act, 2013<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#110\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Section 110 of the Companies Act, 2013<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Final\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Final words<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"108\"><b>Section 108 of the Companies Act, 2013<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This section comes into force when voting on any decision or action to be taken at any <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">company<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> meeting. This section increases the desire for voting power by the company&#8217;s shareholders. Electronic voting gives members greater flexibility and access to ensure that everyone can participate in the company&#8217;s operations and important decisions about the company&#8217;s operations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This section is supplemented by the Companies (Management and Administration) Act, 2014 as amended by the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies (Management and Management) Act, 2015<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and 2016. It provides the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rules provide that the following companies need to close this voting system for their members at regular meetings: (1) companies whose shares are listed on a recognized stock exchange and (2) a company with less than a thousand members.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the rules, a \u2018<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalwindow.in\/nidhi-company\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nidhi company<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019 or institutional investor is not required to provide this facility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The above rule does not apply to (1) small and medium <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">business<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (companies with a mailing fee amounting to Rs 25 crores and whose shares are listed by SMEs (2) listed on the institution&#8217;s trading platform.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"109\"><b>Section 109 of the Companies Act, 2013<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In line with the Legislature&#8217;s experience of the Demand for Poll, Section 109 seeks to bring about the declaration of the result of the vote on any such &#8216;raising of hands&#8217;. It complies with &#8216;sections 179, 180, 184, and 185&#8217; of the Companies Act, 2013. This clause also provides that applicants may withdraw an unchanging request\/demand. To this end, the chairperson of the Assembly shall appoint an inspector who will monitor the votes cast in the survey and report on them and the voting process. In addition, the conference&#8217;s hearing about that decision was taken as a result of voting. The chairperson will take control of how the voting will take place.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of a Demand for Poll, subsection (1) of section 109 aims to provide for the Chairperson of the Assembly alone or as required by a vote of the member, at any decision &#8216;by the raising of hands&#8217; thereafter or by the announcement of the voting result.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, when using the \u2018suo motu,\u2019 such polling power is intended to be optional. If the stated number makes the demand for members, this decision is intended to be taken or finalized.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are estimated numbers of members responsible for applying for voting, which is as follows: &#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In cases where a registered company has a budget, by self-employed members or by the representative, where permitted, and with a power of not less than 1\/10 of all voting power or shares in which the total amount is not less than 5 lakh rupees or such higher\/larger amount much that can be planned has been paid\/compensated;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In cases where other companies by any member or members have attended in person or by the representative, where permitted, and not less than 1\/10 of the total voting power.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any requirement to vote may be waived by the applicants, provided for in subsection (2) of the Act. Except a business where the survey (as required) is incomplete, it can be expected that any business can thrive without coming up with such a business of the desired survey results.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whenever the Appointment of the Chairperson of the Meeting or voting is required to be adjourned to the Meeting, voting shall be taken immediately. It will be taken within 48 hours of seeking the vote as the chairperson may direct it if it concerns any other question.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The chairperson has the power to control the conduct of voting under subsection (6) of section 109. In this regard, this power falls within the other provisions of the section. In terms of Level 2 of the Secretary in terms of section 9.2, you have the power to allow any member to appear during the counting of votes at the Assembly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the light of the votes cast in the survey, the referendum process, and the report, the Chairman of the Meeting shall appoint a company inspector at the Meeting. The outcome of the survey will consider the decision of the Assembly, depending on the solution. In addition, the chairperson will oversee the conduct of the survey.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The result of the poll will be considered as a decision of the meeting by a decision taken to vote.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"110\"><b>Section 110 of the Companies Act, 2013<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the provisions of section 110 (1) of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Act 22 (16) of the Companies (Management and Administration) Act, 2014, the following business transactions shall be effected only by postal ballot:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">amendment of the purpose of a memorandum of intent;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the modification of portions of the organization in respect of the insertion or removal of provisions, under subsection (68) of section 2, which are required to be included in company records to form an independent company;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to replace a registered office outside the local boundaries of any town or village as contemplated in subsection (5) of section 12;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a change in the purposes for which the company has raised money from the public through the prospectus and still has any potential expenditure on money collected under subsection (8) of section 13;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the issuance of shares with different voting rights or shares or otherwise under subsection (ii) of subsection (a) of section 43;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exceptions to rights relating to the category of shares or dues or other securities as defined under section 48;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">repurchase of shares by a company under subsection (1) of section 68;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">directors\u2019 election under<a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/828685\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> section 151<\/a> of the Act;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the sale of all or all of the company&#8217;s operations as defined under subsection (a) of subsection (1) of section 180;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to provide a loan or extended guarantee or to provide security above the threshold referred to under subsection (3) of section 186<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the following businesses are not transacted by postal ballot:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ordinary business (in terms of section 102 (2) of the Act:\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following matters are considered at the annual general meeting:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Review of financial statements and board report and auditor report;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dividend declaration;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">appointments of directors;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">appointment and fixing of auditor&#8217;s remuneration<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any business in which directors or auditors are entitled to be heard at any meeting (directors are entitled under section 169 (3) and Auditors under sections 140 (1) and 146) However, the ordinary business as mentioned can be done through the e-voting process.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"Final\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/legalwindow.in\/start-up-registration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-109036\" src=\"https:\/\/legalwindow.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/Get-your-Startup-registration-by-experts-1.png\" alt=\"Startup registration in Jaipur\" width=\"1000\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Get-your-Startup-registration-by-experts-1.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Get-your-Startup-registration-by-experts-1-600x120.png 600w, https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Get-your-Startup-registration-by-experts-1-300x60.png 300w, https:\/\/www.legalwindow.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Get-your-Startup-registration-by-experts-1-768x154.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nFinal words<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies must ensure that all additional <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compliance<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> related to the provisions relating to regular meetings or disclosure of information, authorization to vote by corporate organizations, examination of related documents\/registers by members, etc. as set out in the Act. In addition, company meeting articles should be made in electronic mode only. Thus the crux of sections 108, 109 &amp; 110 of the Companies Act, 2013 has been discussed in this article.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Want to start your own company? Connect to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalwindow.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal Window<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and get your work done in well efficient manner.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Section 110 of the Indian Companies Act, 2013 contains the provisions of the &#8216;postal ballot&#8217;, Section 109 of the Indian Companies Act, 2013 contains the provisions of &#8216;Demand&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":109035,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-company-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CRUX of Section 108 109 &amp; 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